مجموعه Study English برای آیلتس سری دوم – قسمت 16

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متن ترانسکریپت ویدیو

Hello. I’m Margot Politis. Welcome to Study
English, IELTS preparation.

Today we’re going to look at how English users
indicate negative meanings. One of the ways

we can do that is with the word not.

And we’re going to hear a glass artist talk
about his craft. The ancient art of hot glassblowing

dates back 5,000 years to the Egyptians. Listen
to Mark Douglass, the artist, talking about

glassblowing today.

I think people are fascinated about glass,
in a sense, I know my grandmother had a beautiful

glass vase on her dressing table or whatever,
and it was always, “Don’t break the vase,”

you know, it’s this precious thing.

The techniques I use for glassmaking aren’t
that dissimilar than what has been around

for, like, centuries.

When English speakers want to give something
a negative meaning, they use negative words

such as:

not – She’s not coming

no – There’s no music

nobody – Nobody saw the crash

nothing – There’s nothing to eat

nowhere – He’s nowhere to be seen.

All these sentences have only one negative.
When constructing negative sentences, English

only allows one negative.

Using two negative words, such as ‘nobody’
and ‘not’ together in a sentence, can give

the opposite meaning to the one intended.

So, for example:

I did not see nobody.

With this double negative, this literally
means:

I saw somebody.

However, watch Mark Douglass again, and see
how he uses a double negative to give a positive

meaning.

The techniques I use for glassmaking aren’t
that dissimilar than what has been around

for, like, centuries.

Mark says:

The techniques aren’t dissimilar.

Aren’t is a contraction of are and not.

So he uses the negative word form not.

Dissimilar is made up of the negative prefix
dis- and the word similar.

So he uses not and dis-, both negatives, in
one phrase.

These cancel each other’s effect, giving a
positive meaning:

Look what happens when we leave them both
out.

The techniques are not dissimilar.

The techniques are similar.

By saying the techniques are not dissimilar,
he is drawing attention to the fact that this

may be surprising, and not what you might
expect.

He’s saying that it’s surprising that the
techniques used today are similar to ancient

techniques.

This idea is reinforced by Mark using the
negative word unchanged when talking about

the techniques.

Listen to how he uses unchanged.

So the basic techniques of gathering, blowing
glass, putting a bubble into some glass, shaping

it, pretty much have been unchanged for a
long time.

Mark says the basic techniques of blowing
glass have been unchanged for a long time.

He does not say the techniques are the same.
He chooses a negative to draw attention or

emphasise that something has not changed.

Let’s try another example:

The student was not unhappy with her test
score.

Cancel out the negatives not and un- and you
have:

The student was happy with her test score.

The two negatives cancel each other out, leaving
a positive statement.

However, not unhappy is not the same as happy.

The student may not have received an excellent
score, but she didn’t receive a bad one either.

The student is not happy, but not unhappy
either.

So this sentence expresses a subtly different
perspective and attitude than the simple positive

statement:

The student was happy.

You can practise this construction by adding
the prefix dis- or un- to many words:

not disloyal

not dishonest

not uncommon

not uncomfortable

not unkind

Before you know it, it will ‘not’ be ‘unusual’
for you to use negative expressions!

In part 3 of the IELTS Speaking test you’ll
be discussing something linked to the topic

you spoke about earlier in the interview.

Let’s focus on the features of a good response
to part 3.

You’ll be expected to use more complex language
because of the diverse tasks.

You could be:

describing something

speculating

suggesting

stating an opinion

comparing

contrasting or explaining

Let’s imagine Mark Douglass is participating
in the third part of the interview.

Earlier we heard Mark talking about glassblowing
as an art form. As a follow-on question from

Part 2, the examiner could ask, for example:

Do you think some countries value glass art
differently?

Let’s listen to how Mark answers this question.

I think Australians’ perception of glass is
a lot different than European or American.

Like, Europeans, because they’ve had you know
Venetian glass around for a long time, they

tend to appreciate how hard it is to make
glass or the value of it. Australian people

tend to look at whether it’s mass-produced,
then sit it next to a piece of art glass and

can’t really see the difference in it that
much.

It’s not as if it’s sort of the money of it,
I think it’s just a psyche of collecting,

which, I don’t think Australian people have
that passion as much as European or American

people.

In response to this type of question, you’d
be expected to state your opinion about people’s

perception and appreciation of glass art.

Did you notice the words he uses when giving
his opinion? He says:

I think Australians’ perception of glass is
a lot different.

I think it’s just a psyche of collecting.

I don’t think Australian people have that
passion.

Europeans tend to appreciate how hard it is.

Australians tend to look at whether it’s mass
produced.

It is clear from his word choices that he
is expressing his own views.

You would also be expected to make comparisons,
like Mark does when he says:

Australians’ perceptions are a lot different
than Europeans’.

It’s important to vary your sentence structure.
Mark uses a variety of sentence structures

that are grammatically correct.

He makes complex sentences – sentences that
have more than one clause.

He uses the subordinate conjunction because:

I think Australians’ perception of glass is
a lot different than European because they’ve

had Venetian glass around for a long time.

He also uses the coordinate conjunction or:

They tend to appreciate how hard it is to
make glass or the value of it.

Mark’s speech flows smoothly because he uses
contractions. He says:

they’ve had Venetian glass

it’s mass-produced

can’t really see the difference and

it’s just a psyche of collecting

How would you assess Mark’s response to the
question? I think his answer was relevant

and effective.

He demonstrated good grammatical range and
accuracy. He spoke at a good pace, and he

used clear pronunciation.

These are all goals you should aim for too!

To find more information and tips for your
IELTS test, just visit our website at http://zabanvideo.ir/channel/study-english-ielts-preperation/.

That’s all for today. I’ll see you next time
on Study English. Bye bye.