مجموعه Study English برای آیلتس بخش دوم – قسمت هفتم

زبان ویدیو: در این ویدیو قسمت هفتم از سری دوم مجموعه آموزشی Study English برای آمادگی آزمون آیلتس را با زیرنویس انگلیسی و متن ترانسکریپت کامل ویدیو برای شما آماده شده است.

توضیحات ویدیو

در این قسمت قصد داریم با استفاده از کلمات some و any تمرین کنیم. ما همچنین واژگان خود را در مورد فضا و نجوم ایجاد خواهیم کرد.

متن ترانسکریپت ویدیو

Hello. I’m Margot Politis. Welcome to Study
English, IELTS preparation.

Today on Study English, we’re going to practise
using the words ‘some’ and any’. We’ll also

build up our vocabulary with some words about
‘space’ and ‘astronomy’.

But first, we’re going to meet a planetary
geologist who is fascinated by the planet

Mars.

Mars is still a fascinating place. In the
solar system, it’s one of the most interesting

places where there may be life, apart from
the Earth.

We want there to be Martians with spaceships,
ET, flying saucers, UFOs. We want all of these

things.

It’s frozen to a depth of about 7 kilometres
at the equator, maybe 20 kilometres at the

pole caps, so there is a very thick, frozen
layer on Mars. The people who talk about cold

the planet is.

These scientists are hoping to find out about
life on Mars. They’re looking closely at the

landscape, and similar landscapes, to try
to understand everything they can about the

planet.

Listen to Dr Hoffman talking about how the
landscape of Mars was formed. Pay special

attention to how he uses the words ‘some’
and ‘any’.

Well, if we look at the picture here, cutting
down through each of these gullies is a little

black channel that’s bulldozed its way through
the snow, carved its way down and pushed the

snow aside and each springtime, part of the
snow collapses as it warms in the sun. It

doesn’t go through a liquid phase, it goes
directly from solid to vapour, boils away,

and falls down the slope and then you have
this tumbling mass, a little avalanche of

some snow, some rock, some sand, some dust,
all churning up together.

What I have shown with this work is that the
structures that we see in Antarctica are a

good place for life to be, if there is life
on Mars. It would be very primitive microbes.

There wouldn’t be any sort of multi-cellular
life there.

In English, we use the words ‘some’ and ‘any’
to talk about ‘how much’ or ‘how many’ of

something.

‘Some’ and ‘any’ are called determiners.

They tell us something about the quantity
or amount we’re discussing.

Listen to how Dr Hoffman uses the word ‘some’.

It doesn’t go through a liquid phase, it goes
directly from solid to vapour, boils away,

and falls down the slope and then you have
this tumbling mass, a little avalanche of

some snow, some rock, some sand, some dust
all churning up together.

He says ‘some sand, some dust’.

The word ‘some’ suggests an indefinite number
or amount. It’s not specific.

We use it when it isn’t important exactly
how much or how many we mean.

So, you might say:

I’d like some milk.

Or:

Would you like some tea?

‘Some’ is usually used in affirmative clauses,
like this:

There are some letters for you at the post
office.

And we also use ‘some’ in questions that expect
a ‘yes’ answer.

For example:

Would you like some help? Yes please.

However, in negative constructions, ‘any’
is more commonly used.

Here’s Dr Hoffman talking about his work again.
Listen to how he uses the word ‘any’.

What I have shown with this work is that the
structures that we see in Antarctica are a

good place for life to be, if there is life
on Mars. It would be very primitive microbes.

There wouldn’t be any sort of multicellular
life there.

He says:

There wouldn’t be ‘any’ sort of multicellular
life there.

‘Any’ is common in negative sentences like
this.

For example:

I don’t have any money.

So while ‘some’ is most common in affirmative
statements, ‘any’ is most common in questions

and in negative statements.

After words with a negative meaning, we use
‘any’.

Like this:

You never have any money.

There’s hardly any food left in the fridge.

When we use ‘some’ to talk about a restricted
or limited amount of something, we put the

stress on the word ‘some’.

For example:

I like some Chinese food, but not spicy dishes.

Or:

I can eat prawns, but there is some shellfish
I don’t like.

When the word ‘any’ is stressed, this tells
us that we’re talking about an unrestricted

quantity or unlimited choice.

For example:

You can borrow any book from the library.

I don’t like any films made in Hollywood.

Astronomy is an important and popular science.

Building your science vocabulary, especially
your vocabulary about astronomy, can help

you to appreciate science fiction films and
books as well as media stories about space

exploration and new discoveries.

But there are so many science words. Where
do we even start?

It’s important to learn how to organise new
words logically and to develop strategies

to help remember these new words.

Listen to Dr Hoffman talking about the possibility
of life on Mars.

Mars is still a fascinating place. In the
solar system, it’s one of the most interesting

places where there may be life, apart from
the Earth.

Dr Hoffman talks about Mars, the solar system
and Earth.

Of course, our planet is called Earth. There
are nine planets in our solar system.

They are:

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

Pluto

It’s important to learn all those names in
English.

Here’s another clip. See if you can hear a
word that is developed from one of the planet

names.

We want there to be Martians with spaceships,
ET, flying saucers, UFOs. We want all of these

things.

He talks about ‘Martians’.

We form the word ‘Martians’ from the noun
‘Mars’.

‘Martians’ are creatures from the planet ‘Mars’.

We can extend our vocabulary about astronomy
by looking outside our ‘solar system’, to

our ‘galaxy’, the Milky Way. We can also include
words like:

comets

asteroids

stars

moons

black holes

Let’s watch that clip again. Listen for some
other words related to space and space travel.

We want there to be Martians with spaceships,
ET, flying saucers, UFOs. We want all of these

things.

We heard:

Martians

spaceships

ET

flying saucers and

UFOs

‘ET’ stands for extra terrestrial – another
name for creatures from space.

‘UFOs’ stands for Unidentified Flying Objects
– things from outer space that fly through

the sky. They can also be called ‘flying saucers’.

You’ll notice that in the story, the term
‘UFOs’ is pronounced ‘yufos’ /jufoʊz/. We

usually say ‘U-F-O’ /juɛfoʊ/.

That’s all for Study English today.

Let’s quickly review the topics we’ve looked
at.

First, we talked about using the determiners
‘some’ and ‘any’. We learned which one to

use, and how to use stress to change meaning.

Then, we talked about how to increase your
vocabulary by learning groups of words.

Today we looked at space words.

Don’t forget to visit our website. You’ll
find more tips and exercises to help you improve

your English skills.

And I’ll see you next time for more. Bye bye.

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