مجموعه Study English سری اول – قسمت ۲
زبان ویدیو: در این ویدیو قسمت دوم از سری اول مجموعه آموزشی Study English برای آمادگی آزمون آیلتس برای شما آماده شده است.
معرفی مجموعه Study English
مجموعه ویدیویی Study English IELTS Preparation، یکی از مجموعه های کامل آمادگی برای آزمون آیلتس IELTS می باشد. آموزش این مجموعه در قالب ۳ سری کامل است، که دارای موضوعات متنوع و جالب می باشد. این مجموعه تمام مهارت های زبان انگلیسی (Reading – Writing – Speaking – Listening) را تقویت می کند. همچنین تمامی نکات مربوط به آزمون را به شما آموزش می دهد و باعث تقویت مهارت مکالمه شما نیز می شود. آموزش این مجموعه بدین صورت می باشد که ابتدا مدرس زبان انگلیسی در مورد درس مربوطه توضیح می دهد و بعد توضیحات درس را در متنی بکار می برد که شما طرز استفاده از آن نکات را متوجه شوید.
متن کامل این ویدیو را می توانید در زیر مشاهده کنید.
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Hello. I’m Margot Politis. Welcome to Study
English, IELTS preparation.
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Today, we’re going to look at ways of discussing
a topic. When you’re writing or speaking,
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you can present facts, or you can use your
opinion – but how can you tell the difference?
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Today we’ll find out.
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We’re going to listen to a scientist talking
about Vitamin D and cancer.
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In the clip, see if you can hear both facts
and opinions being used.
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I believe that the public health problem for
vitamin D deficiency is quite significant.
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I would estimate minimum 25% of adults in
the United States, Europe and probably even
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in Australia are vitamin D deficient.
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I mean if you think about it, over 250,000
women in the United States will develop breast
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cancer this year. Something like 50,000 will
die. If 25% of those breast cancers could
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have been averted, prevented in some way,
just by having a little exposure to sunlight,
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would have been really tremendous.
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So he was talking about the links between
vitamin D and cancer.
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Many Australians these days are avoiding the
sun, because they know it can cause skin cancer.
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But by avoiding the sun, they’re missing out
on vitamin D – the vitamin that you get from
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sunshine, and this is leading to other health
problems.
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When you’re reading, writing or listening
to an argument like this, it’s important to
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be able to tell the difference between statements
of fact, and statements of opinion.
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But how can you tell the difference?
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Well, there are a number of ways you can express
your opinion.
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Today we’re going to look at two of these:
using phrases that express an opinion; and
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using modal verbs.
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First, let’s look at some phrases.
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The key words to listen for when you’re trying
to decide whether someone is talking about
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facts or opinions are words like believe,
think, argue, feel, opinion, or view.
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These vary from formal to informal.
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If I was talking with my friends, I might
say, “I think” or “I believe”
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If I was in a class or tutorial, I might say,
“In my opinion”, or “in my view”.
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But if I was writing an essay, or giving a
very formal talk, I’d probably choose, “it
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is believed”, or “it is thought”.
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In formal writing, many people think you should
avoid using the word ‘I’, even if you are
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giving an opinion.
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Here’s the clip again. Listen for some of
those phrases.
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I believe that the public health problem for
vitamin D deficiency is quite significant.
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I mean if you think about it, over 250,000
women in the United States will develop breast
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cancer this year. Something like 50,000 will
die.
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Another way we can express opinions is by
using modal verbs.
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Model verbs express opinions and attitudes.
They make statements less certain or less
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definite.
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They can also be used for recommending and
advising.
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Here are the modal verbs used for opinions:
would
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should
could
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might
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These words signal that the speaker is giving
an opinion.
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Look at these examples. Can you tell which
ones are facts, and which ones are opinions?
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Fifty thousand will die.
Fifty thousand might die.
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The second statement uses might – it is an
opinion.
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Here’s another one:
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I do not think small amounts of sunlight increase
the risk of cancer.
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Small amounts of sunlight do not increase
the risk of cancer.
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In the first statement, you can see ‘I do
not think’. This is an opinion.
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Now look at these 2 sentences:
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I believe that vitamin D deficiency might
become common among adults.
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Vitamin D deficiency will affect 25% of adults.
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The first is an opinion – ‘I believe’, ‘might
become’.
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The second is a fact – ‘will affect’ 25% of
adults.
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Now let’s watch the clip again – listen for
the phrases and modal verbs of opinions.
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I believe that the public health problem for
vitamin D deficiency is quite significant.
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I would estimate minimum 25% of adults in
the United States, Europe and probably even
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in Australia are vitamin D deficient.
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I mean if you think about it, over 250,000
women in the United States will develop breast
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00:05:33,840 –> 00:05:40,250
cancer this year. Something like 50,000 will
die. If 25% of those breast cancers could
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have been averted, prevented in some way,
just by having a little exposure to sunlight,
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would have been really tremendous.
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OK, so you can see that Professor Holick is
expressing an opinion, using a combination
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of phrases and modal verbs.
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But now we’re going to look at some pronunciation
tips.
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When you’re learning English, there are 3
very important parts of pronunciation. They
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are: word stress, sentence rhythm and intonation.
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Today we’re going to look at the first 2 – how
you can practice word stress and sentence
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rhythm together, to improve your spoken English.
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Listen to this sentence closely for word and
sentence stress.
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I don’t think we should blame moderate, intelligent
exposure to sunlight throughout our lives
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as the culprit for markedly increasing our
risk of developing skin cancer.
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Notice that the speaker uses many words with
more than one syllable. That is common in
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formal academic language.
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But when you come across longer words, you
have to learn which syllable to stress.
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For example, we say: intelligent, increasing,
and markedly.
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Notice that when you stress one syllable,
the vowels in the other syllables are shortened.
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Sometimes these short syllables become a schwa
– an ‘uh’ sound – or an ‘i’. They’re short,
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relaxed sounds.
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Listen to:
moderate
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intelligent
exposure
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culprit
markedly
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developing
cancer
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This shortening of syllables preserves the
overall sentence rhythm. Listen to the clip
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again.
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I don’t think we should blame moderate, intelligent
exposure to sunlight throughout our lives
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as the culprit for markedly increasing our
risk of developing skin cancer.
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So when you’re learning to speak English,
you need to learn the pronunication of individual
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words. But you also need to practice sentence
rhythm – putting the words together into sentences.
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This is much easier when you get used to shortening
the non-stressed vowels.
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OK. Listen again to the clip, and then we’ll
practice some more:
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I mean if you think about it, over 250,000
women in the United States will develop breast
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cancer this year. Something like 50,000 will
die.
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If 25% of those breast cancers could have
been averted, prevented in some way, just
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by having a little exposure to sunlight, would
have been really tremendous.
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OK, now you can try it. Listen to this sentence:
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It would have been tremendous to have averted
or prevented significant vitamin D deficiency.
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Let’s look at each of those words – we’ll
highlight which syllable is stressed. See
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if you can work out how to pronounce each
word.
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tremendous
averted
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prevented
significant
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vitamin
deficiency
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Now let’s see what happens when we put these
words back into a sentence.
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It would have been tremendous to have averted
or prevented significant vitamin D deficiency.
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Making your spoken English sound natural takes
a lot of practice.
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Don’t forget to listen closely to vowel sounds
and sentence stress, and remember to practice
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reading and writing in English every day.
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And that’s all from me today.
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I’ll see you next time on Study English. Bye.
